Empathize vs. Sympathize

Identify. Identify Identify. Identify Identify. Identify By Maeve Maddox A peruser says, Ive consistently been befuddled on the most proficient method to utilize [the words relate sympathize] in appropriate setting. For around 300 years, English speakers didn’t need to pick among identify and relate express sharing another’s sentiments. Relate been concocted at this point. The principal OED case of identify in the feeling of â€Å"to share the sentiments of another† is dated 1607; the primary utilization of relate to this significance dates from 1916.  Be that as it may, the thing sympathy was presented in 1895 by a therapist to portray â€Å"a physical property of the sensory system undifferentiated from electrical capacitance, accepted to be associated with feeling.† This meaning of sympathy didn't endure, however the word has discovered an enduring spot in the jargon of brain research as what might be compared to German Einfã ¼hlung: â€Å"sympathetic understanding.† This sort of compassion is â€Å"the capacity to comprehend and value another person’s sentiments and experience.† Before the mental term relate the general jargon, speakers did fine and dandy with identify when they wished to discuss feeling the delight or agony of others. Since we have a second word for a similar idea, understand come to mean a more grounded, more close to home feeling of individual inclination than identify. For instance, I may feel for the fire casualty who has lost her home and every last bit of her assets, however I can't understand her in light of the fact that, tolerantly, I have not encountered that injury in my own life. Then again, in light of the fact that I needed to go through a day and a night in a Red Cross crisis cover during an ice storm, I can understand individuals who should live in covers for broadened periods. The extraordinary endowment of writing is that it empowers perusers to identify with a wide assortment of individual animals. They don’t even must be human. At the point when I read Black Beauty, I felt for a pony. Compassion and sympathy are similarly excellent human attributes. Identify is proper in many settings. Empathizeis most appropriate to circumstances that you have encountered yourself, either in reality or through the intensity of writing. Need to improve your English in a short time a day? Get a membership and begin getting our composing tips and activities day by day! Continue learning! Peruse the Misused Words class, check our well known posts, or pick a related post below:Punctuating â€Å"So† toward the Beginning of a SentenceAmong versus AmongstProverb versus Proverb

Critical Discussion on Watson’s and Skinner’s Versions of Behaviourism Essay

Behaviorism idea developed at a period when the cultural disarticulation because of fast industrialization of American culture required novel methodologies of social association. This was to go about as a substitution to Victorian mores of moment town rustic way of life (Wightman and Kloppenberg 1995, p. 68). As of now, positivists like Walter Lippmann welcomed clinicians to help devise draws near, and the of late perceived study of brain science, eager to mean its situation as a self-governing order, reacted by decisively supporting itself as far as cultural utility (Wightman and Kloppenberg 1995, p. 68). All things considered, behaviorism premise radiated from crafted by an American analyst John B. Watson. He asserted that brain science as a control was never worried about human psyche or cognizance, yet rather worried about just conduct. Along these lines, Watson guaranteed that people could be inspected, contemplated or assessed unbiasedly simply like gorillas and rodents (Cohen 1987, p. 71). Behaviorism as indicated by Watson’s variant was a cut to disregard the complexities of attempting to examine human cognizance by restricting logical regard for clear, plain or unmitigated conduct. This form was combined with an essential aspiration to set up significantly more exhaustive ways or techniques to trial examine just as report composing. In this way, the key assignment of brain research was in all honesty acknowledgment of laws overseeing the connection between social reactions and natural upgrades, and brain science was given a role as a connection to physiology (Richards 2009, p. 35). Along these lines, Watson accepted that brain science would give information that could be used to the forecast just as control of conduct. In this manner, his rendition of old style behaviorism possessed a few unmistakable attributes, for example, †¢ It was immensely earthy person †¢ Its useful jargon was primarily constrained to very few non-mentalistic terms †¢ Its clarifications were exceedingly reductionist, and †¢ The adaptation was significantly worried about investigational philosophy (Richards 2009, p. 35). In the mid 1920s, Watson absorbed the ideas of Ivan Pavlov, a Russian therapist and included Pavlov’s thoughts of support and molding as key hypothetical ideas to his traditional behaviorism adaptation. Pavlov had done various examinations on the animal’s reactions to natural molding. In his best triumphant investigation, he rang a chime as he took various dinners to certain canines. In doing as such, every single time hounds heard the chime ringing they knew entirely well that a supper was prepared, and would begin salivating (DeMar 1989, p. 1). On one case, Pavlov rang the ringer without taking food, however the mutts kept salivating since they had been habituated, adapted or prepared to salivate each time they hear a chime ringing. Watson stated in his behaviorism form that people reacted to ecological improvements just in the comparative manner (DeMar 1989, p. 1). In any case, Watson’s old style behaviorism was respected excessively unrefined, he himself refrained from the scholarly world after a separation outrage. Afterward, a few neo-behaviorists, including B. F. Skinner, Clark L. Frame and Ernest R. Hilgard assumed control over the tenet in a variety of headings. On an alternate point of view, the notable engineer of a radical or less robotic behaviorism adaptation was B. F. Skinner, whose premises of operant molding attested strong enough to be used in various settings (Wightman and Kloppenberg 1995, p. 68). Now and again grounded in snappy numerical learning hypotheses, yet considerably more much of the time set up on instinctual dependable guidelines, social procedures were utilized in psychotherapy, medication, training, promoting, business and the executives of mental emergency clinics and detainment facilities. Given its anticipated contrasting of lower creatures with people, along with its firm pervasion into such traditionally humanist regions as the remedial instruction and workmanship, it’s without a doubt that Skinner’s adaptation of radical behaviorism has since quite a while ago incited discussion (Wightman and Kloppenberg 1995, p. 68). What’s more, today’s behaviorism is related with B. F. Skinner, who achieved his notoriety for being an extreme behaviorist by testing Watson’s declarations in the research facility. His lab tests combined with various inquires about drove him to censure Watson’s elite claims on molding and reflexes. Skinner acknowledged that people react to their environmental factors, however work on their environmental factors to offer ascent to unequivocal outcomes (Skinner, Catania and Harnad 1988, p. 3). Moreover, Skinner thought of the ‘operant conditioning’ hypothesis, the idea that human act the manner in which they do as this kind of conduct has had unequivocal impacts some time in the past. For example, on the off chance that a kid kisses a young lady when she gives him blossoms, at that point the young lady will be relied upon to accompany blossoms when she needs a kiss from him. Accordingly, the young lady will be acting fully expecting explicit prize. In spite of Watson, Skinner dismissed that emotions or the human brain have an impact in deciding conduct. He rather demanded that an individual encounter of fortifications decides their conduct (Skinner, Catania and Harnad 1988, p. 10). In this manner, as indicated by radical behaviorism form, one of Skinner’s objective was to shape humans’ conduct in away to react in a significantly more socially bearable manner. In his operant molding hypothesis he was totally certain that his hypothesis should be applied to manage human conduct (Shaffer 2005, p. 45). Also, Skinner’s test examination of human or general conduct has brought about a solid, successful and productive innovation, appropriate to psychotherapy, instruction, just as the structure of social practices for the most part (Shaffer 2005, p. 46). Taking everything into account, the moral impacts of both Watson’s and Skinner’s forms of behaviorism are gigantic. An individual is peeled off their opportunity, poise, duty and decreased to an only natal being, to be ‘shaped’ by behaviorists who incorporate the capacity to apply the apparatuses of behaviorism effectively. Book reference Cohen, D. (1987). Behaviorism, Oxford Companion to Mind, Richard, L. , ed. NY; Oxford University Press. DeMar, G. (1989). Behaviorism. [Online] accessible < http://www. trailblazer. com/trailblazer/X0497_DeMar_-_Behaviorism. html> Richards, G. (2009). Brain research, key ideas. Milton Park; Routledge. Shaffer, D. (2005). Social and character improvement. Belmont; Walworth. Skinner, B. , Catania, C. , and Harnad, S. (1988). Determination of conduct, operant behaviorism of Burrhus Frederic Skinner. Melbourne; Cambridge Syndicate Press. Wightman, R. , and Kloppenberg, J. (1995). An ally to American idea. Massachusetts; Blackwell.

Db4 team and leadership Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Db4 group and administration - Research Paper Example To guarantee that each part is heard and given the necessary chance, the supervisor can think about making different strides. They incorporate improving adequacy of correspondence among the individuals, cultivating understanding, boosting individuals confidence, empowering proposals and data sources, sorting out team’s and individual jobs, offering prizes and acknowledgment. The initial step includes improving correspondence among the individuals and their pioneers. Successful correspondence improves comprehension and gratefulness among the individuals. It improves associations among the individuals and along these lines makes better chances to help coordination. The supervisor should then create different procedures to guarantee that everybody comprehend that a definitive objectives must be accomplished through successful coordination and teamwork’s commitments. Such a comprehension would urge individuals to esteem and regards everyone’s commitments and jobs. Low confidence contributed by clashes, and poor coordination can cause an inconvenient effect and influence accomplishment of the set goals (Rapoport and Bailyn, 1996). The administrator must spur each part to assume a job in the groups. Clashes and low-regard can be dispensed with through arranging for ordinary gatherings and acknowledging everyone’s endeavors. It is additionally valuable to guarantee that everybody comprehends his jobs and desires. A standard presentation measure ought to be created to assess the commitments of each part. The exertion will help dispense with clashes since everybody will be relied upon to meet the base necessities (Clutterbuck, 200 7). At long last, it is advantageous to offer prizes and acknowledgment to the great entertainers. Fulfilling and perceiving great exhibitions urge everybody to point

Human Resource Management Performance Management...

Performance management objectives based on reward management Introduction Performance management is a concept in the field of human resource management . It is defined as the continuous process of measuring and developing performance in the organisation by linking each employee performance and objectives to the organisations overall mission and goals . It is also the process which contributes to the effective management of individuals and teams in order to achieve high level of organizational performance by identifying, encouraging, measuring evaluating, improving and rewarding employee performance. Performance management establishes shared understanding about what is to be achieved and an approach to leading and developing people which will ensure that it is achieved . Objectives of performance management 1. Developing individuals with the required commitment and competencies for working towards the shared meaningful goal within an organisational framework. 2. Provide information to employees about their performance. This enables goal clarity for making employees do the right thing at the right time. 3. Aims at building high performance culture for both the individuals and the teams so that they jointly take the responsibility of improving the business processes on a continuous basis and at the same time raise competence bar by upgrading their own skills within a leadership framework. 4. Identify development needs on organisational level for high performance and assistingShow MoreRelatedThe Importance of an Organizations Performance Management System1538 Words   |  7 Pagesstrategic objectives is to evaluate the performance of its employees. This evaluation, if it is to be effective or of substantial value to the organization, it needs to be systematic and purposeful. In order to explain the impact that a performance management system can have on other areas of human resource management, it is necessary to define the relationship between a performance management system and human resource management. First, a performance management system is one area of human resource managementRead MorePerformance Management System and Total Rewards Plan for Weavertech1736 Words   |  7 PagesPerformance Management System and Total Rewards Plan for WeaverTech Southern New Hampshire University OL 600 Strategic Human Resource Management INTRODUCTION Due to the acquisition of WeaverTech formally known as Johnson-Ware an apparel company by CVX Partners, a private equity firm, there arose a need for the company to change its line of business to high-end segment of the apparel industry (Beer Swier, 2015). Before the acquisition of the company by the newRead MoreWhy Is Human Resource Management Important For Developing Of Organization?1476 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"What is management of human resource?† â€Å"Why is human resource management important for developing of organization?†. Answer is organizations cannot develop a good team of working professionals without good human resource in the 21st century. Human resource management is a function in organizations outlined to maximize employee performance in service of an employer s strategic objectives and human resource management affects with the management of people within organizations, concentrating on policiesRead MoreThe Link Between Performance and Reward Man agement1061 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿Performance and Reward Management: Performance management is an important organizational aspect that is geared towards developing people with necessary competencies and commitment for working towards the achievement of common organizational goals. As a result, the frameworks of this component are developed in order to enhance both individual and organizational performance. This is done through identifying performance needs, providing regular feedback, and helping individuals in their career developmentRead MoreThe Performance Management Cycle Of The Flower Shop Employees1135 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction The performance management cycle involves planning, monitoring, developing, rating and rewarding. It is ideal for all employees to follow the cycle in order to measure every employee’s performance so they are able to understand their role and responsibilities in the company. For instance, in the Flower Shop employees were not ever given performance management evaluations by their mangers. Mainly because it is a family-run business and they did not have a corporate mindset. The planRead MorePerformance Appraisal at Burger King624 Words   |  3 PagesPerformance appraisal at Burger King Burger King is one of the leading companies in the national and international fast food industry and it is also a model of business success. The companys approach to its staff members is focused on the motivation of the employees and their integration within the overall culture of the organization. The underlying principle behind this decision is that the employees will perform best when they are motivated. In this setting, the Burger King manager is not perceivedRead MoreStrategic Human Resource Management : A Field Evolved Over The Years1316 Words   |  6 Pages Strategic Human Resource Management Reynaldo Navarro University of the Southwest â€Æ' How has strategic human resource management as a field evolved over the years? What are the practices that are likely to bring forth better performance with regards to strategic human resource management? Strategic human resource management deals with strategies used by business enterprises and companies as means of the improving and measuring performance. It is important to understand these strategiesRead MoreHuman Resource (Employees) Is the Most Important Asset of an Organization.1599 Words   |  7 PagesQuestion : â€Å"Human Resource (employees) is the most important asset of an organization.† Introduction Traditionally, human resource focused mainly on administrative functions and process personnel management. However, due to technology advancement, administrative tasks have reduced. The role of human resource has shifted and seems to be taking up more responsibility in company strategic planning and development. This theory has been supported in the work of Noe et al (2010, p.719) Durai (2010Read MoreBmw: Motivation and Reward Systems1118 Words   |  5 Pages5.0 EFFECT OF REVIEW OF THE PAYMENT SYSTEM ON THE MANAGEMENT OF THE APPRAISAL SYSTEM PERFORMANCE APPRAISAL SYSTEM According to Dailey (2003:4/3), an organisation s performance appraisal system is defined as a process which generates valid information about employee work effectiveness for the purpose of making informed HRM decisions. Organisations must evaluate employee performance for a number of reasons:  · Employees need to understand the behavioural requirements of the job  · EmployeesRead MoreA Company s Total Rewards Program1227 Words   |  5 PagesA company’s total rewards package should be strategically focused to align with company culture and values. HR professionals should work with organizations to create a holistic and integrated total rewards program. As business objectives and priorities evolve HR professionals should work to make sure the company rewards program stays relevant and attractive. Creating and successfully executing the company total rewards package requires HR staff who are knowledgeable of market rates and trends. There

Industrialization After the Civil War Thesis and Outline...

Assignment 1.1: Industrialization after the Civil War Thesis and Outline Amiah-Mone Parker The Industrial Revolution was of great importance to the economic development of the United States. The new era of mass production kindled in the United States because of technological innovations, a patent system, new forms of factory corporations, a huge supply of natural resources, and foreign investment. The growth of large-scale industry in America had countless positive results, but also negative results as well. Industrialization after the Civil War affected the United States in several ways including poverty, poor labor laws, and the condition of the people. Between 1865 and 1920, Industrialization had many†¦show more content†¦Second, the development of new public transit systems, was important in shaping the design of our cities and the growth of our cities by enabling people to move further away from the inner city. Early on, large cities didn’t really have public transportation. Their main source of transportation were horse drawn wagons and walking. In conclusion, most people lived near on in the downtown area, where most of the working establishments were located. Because of this, it made big cites crowed and congested. With the breakthrough of the â€Å"el†, electric streetcars, and subways, around 1867, cities began expand more. Those who were fortunate enough to move out of the dirty cities and into better neighborhoods surrounded outside the city, did so. The new transit systems in most cities allowed people to escape the chaos of urban life and provided potential for growth of our cities. The sec ond major innovation is the telephone because it opened up doors for everybody. The telephone allowed them to be connected to other parts of the world, or their loved ones did not live in the same city. It permitted them to stay connected to relatives and have audio conversations without the inconvenience of letters which took a while to arrive by post. It produced better business for the small to larger corporate businesses as well as in the event of an emergency. The last major innovation wasShow MoreRelatedIndustrialization During 1865 and 1920 That Influenced U.S. Society, Economy, and Politics1205 Words   |  5 PagesOUTLINE THESIS STATEMENT Impact of Industrialization after the Civil War on American Society (Thesis Outline) [Strayer University] [U.S History 105] ] Impact of Industrialization After the Civil War on American Society (Thesis Outline) Part 1- Thesis Statement The Industrial Revolution marks a major turning point in human history; almost every aspect of daily life was influenced in some way. After the Civil War, industrialization took on an unpredictableRead MoreEssay about History: World War I and Bold Experiments7600 Words   |  31 PagesPower, 1877–1918 Chapter 22 Wrestling with Modernity, 1918 –1929 Part 5 Essential Questions After studying the chapters in Part 5, you should know how to answer the following questions: 1. Why and how did American society industrialize during the late nineteenth century? 2. What were the causes and consequences of urbanization? 3. How did political change and progressive reform gain momentum after 1900? 4. How did the United States emerge as a world power by 1918? 5. What tensions between theRead MorePolicemen Of The World Thesis And Outline Final 2 2307 Words   |  10 Pages Assignment 2.1: Policemen of the World Thesis and Outline Stephanie Clay Strayer University 24 May 2014 Introduction Over the last seventy years, the U.S. Military has developed into one of the main tools used by our International Partners to manage complex crisis that pose a serious threat to international peace and security past the United States borders. The number of military personnel that are being deployed to investigate, assist when peacekeeping is greatly needed hasRead MoreThe Political Regime Of Russia2466 Words   |  10 Pageslook at critical junctures in Soviet and Russian political developments, explore the post-war settlements of the Russian state, and finally explain the political regime of Russia through this analysis. The premise of this paper will be based on Thomas Carothers thesis on gray zone states. Vis-à  -vis the typology Carothers uses to describe syndromes of a gray zone state, I shall attempt to generate a new thesis on the present Russian political system. By the end of the paper it will be clear as to howRead MoreEruopean Expansion4283 Words   |  18 Pageslocat ion, timing, economy, political organization, and religious influences. The French and Indian War has also been called the â€Å"Great War for Empire.† Explain why this might be an appropriate name for this war. It is sometimes observed that the roots of future wars lie in the results of past wars. In what ways does it appear that the French and Indian War helped to cause the American Revolutionary War?*** Both the British and the colonists were devoted to the principle of â€Å"No taxation without representationRead MoreAmerican History Without A Mention Of Pennsylvania2234 Words   |  9 PagesA rebellious person to heart, he converted to the Quaker mentality partially for their strong beliefs, and partially to exercise his rebellious nature. Penn was given 45,000 acres on the Delaware River and named it Pennsylvania, or â€Å"Penn’s Woods† after his father. Penn then migrated to the new land with a group of Quakers and started to build a community. One of the many issues that early settlers like William Penn had to face was interactions with the Natives of the New World. The differences betweenRead MoreInstitution as the Fundamental Cause of Long Tern Growth39832 Words   |  160 Pageson two quasi-natural experiments in history, the division of Korea into two parts with very different economic institutions and the colonization of much of the world by European power s starting in the fifteenth century. We then develop the basic outline of a framework for thinking about why economic institutions differ across countries. Economic institutions determine the incentives of and the constraints on economic actors, and shape economic outcomes. As such, they are social decisions, chosenRead MoreBoyer Dbq Teacher Guide10764 Words   |  44 Pagesby the phrase â€Å"eastern seaboard of North America.† While the question focuses on colonies established prior to 1660, the documents refer to some things that happened later and a student could reasonably include information on events that happened after that date to assess the success of the colonizing efforts. Students should be somewhat skilled at writing standard essays before attempting to answer DBQs. If your students have not mastered the expository essay form, you may want to try a simplerRead MoreImpact of Globalization and Bangladesh18126 Words   |  73 PagesGLOBALIZATION AND ITS IMPACT ON BANGLADESH ECONOMY A thesis presented to the Faculty of the U.S. Army Command and General Staff College in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree MASTER OF MILITARY ART AND SCIENCE Strategy by RAHMAN MD FAIZUR, MAJOR, BANGLADESH M.D.S., National University of Bangladesh, 2004 Fort Leavenworth, Kansas 2005 Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited. REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE Form Approved OMB No. 0704-0188 Public reportingRead MoreInstitutions as a Fundamental Cause of Long-Run14323 Words   |  58 Pagesedu JAMES A. ROBINSON Deparhnent of Government, WCFIA, Harvard University, 1033 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02138 e-mail: jmbinson@gov.harvard.edu Contents Abstract Keywords 1. Introduction 1.1. The question 1.2. The argument 1.3. Outline 2. Fundamental causes of income differences 2.1. Three fundamental causes 2.1.1. Economic institutions 2.1.2. Geography 2.1.3. Culture 3. Institutions matter 3.1. The Korean experiment 3.2. The colonial experiment 4. The Reversal of Fortune

Cloning Essay Thesis Example For Students

Cloning Essay Thesis For the first time the cloning of a whole human being seems really possible. It is absolutely necessary to consider the harm that can be done and move to curb abuses. Also, it is important to understand some of the theory underlying the desire to build a better human. The Ethical Downside of Cloning With recent developments in the cloning of the first whole mammal with Dolly the Sheep, for the first time the cloning a whole human being seems really possible. For years, clones have been the subject of popular fiction, but the technology was lacking. Now the ethics of doing so must be carefully considered. While almost all world health and religious bodies are coming out in opposition to the idea, it must be accepted that someone somewhere will try it. Thus, it is absolutely necessary to consider the harm that can be done and move to curb abuses. What immediately springs to mind for most people with the possibility of cloning whole people is the ideas of creating supermen or a master r ace which dominated the Nazis. But the theories of eugenics from which they operated were also touted in America and the rest of the Western world. Thus, it is important to understand some of the theory underlying the desire to build a better human. Eugenics is concerned with the social direction of human evolution. A distinction is made between positive and negative eugenics. Positive eugenics aims to increase reproduction of individuals who have traits, such as high intelligence and physical strength or fitness, which are considered to be valuable to society. Negative eugenics seeks to decrease reproduction among people believed to be inferior or below average mentally and physically (Glass). Cloning for better humanity, then, is normally associated with positive eugenics. Overall, since the Nazi experience, eugenics as a movement has been largely discredited, but the ideas still linger and many of the same arguments for cloning humans are used today, but with protests that they a re not related to the abuses of the Eugenics proponents of the 1920s and 30s. The goal of eugenics was to create a superior human being, and with this creation, to in time create a superior human race. The First International Congress for Eugenics was held in 1912 in London. Rather than being a fringe movement, it was hailed by a number of luminaries of the day. For example, Charles Darwins son presided, while Winston Churchill led the British delegation. Among the Americans present were the presidents of Harvard and Stanford universities and Alexander Graham Bell. The Germans present advocated racial hygiene, which later became Nazi policy. According to historian Stefan Kuhl, German eugenecists enjoyed a special relationship with their counterparts from the United States (Nazi Eugenic). The beliefs of these groups contain elements that are still being brought up in discussions of cloning humans. They included trust that selective breeding and choice of genetic traits is an effectiv e means of improving the overall quality of the human species, the conviction that heredity directly determines physical, physiological, personality, and mental traits in adults, and a belief in the inherent inferiority of some races and social classes and superiority of others (Allen). In the early Thirties, it was believed that the race, indeed the world, needed to be purified of those elements of humanity that would bring the breeding pool down. To that end, the crippled, the mentally deficient, sufferers of hereditary diseases, and those thought to be racially inferior were to be stopped from breeding. Forced sterilization was one means of accomplishing this goal. Euthanasia, the killing of people for the greater good, was also a means of purging the world of inferior people. Germany adopted a sterilization law in 1933, which made people with such hereditary disabilities as Huntingtons Corea, feeble-mindedness, blindness and deafness, grave bodily deformity, and hereditary alcoh olism subject to forced sterilization for the good of the people (Lifton 301). Today many of these same subjects are being addressed with therapeutic abortions and genetics counseling. In America, breeding for a better race was supported. For example, the Pioneer Fund, an American eugenics foundation, proposed that American pilots should be encouraged to have more children by paying them stipends. They believed that pilots of the U.S. Army are especially valuable, that they should procreate and not inferior members of American people (Nazi Eugenic). This idea of creating a group of better soldiers has been one of the theoretical uses of cloning also. Parallel to the arguments today, in the 1920s and 30s, many scientists enthusiastically thought that they could and should apply genetics and population science to political issues. Even without the possibility of actually creating human beings, they saw the potential for controlling where humanity would go and what kind of people shoul d be allowed to be made (Nazi Eugenic). A related problem is that what traits a culture values are not fixed. They change with the nature of the economy and technology, as well as with fashion. Two hundred years ago, society would have favored the cloning of men with strong backs and women who were built for childbearing since those were the physical types needed to open a new land. With the rise of industrialism and later high technology, brainpower became more valuable. With cloning, potentially it would be up to some kind of population engineers like the eugenicists to determine what kind of people should be allowed to take over humanity (Kluger and Thompson). There are two general possibilities in todays society for cloning abuses: first is the abuse, which would be fostered by groups or governments and second is the abuses, which would be done by individuals for their own personal reasons. The examples of the Eugenics Movements and the Nazi policies fall into the former categor y. Because of the horrors already displayed there and the evil attached to them, the chances of wide scale governmental cloning are less likely. Already, most of the major world health organizations and a number of governments have moved to ban such cloning in order to prevent a reoccurrence of the kind of wrongheaded thinking which would use cloning to build armies or create a super-race. For example, France and Germany have called for total bans on human cloning, citing the precedents of the Nazi past the dangers of abuse of the process (Thomasson). Germany, in fact, has a ban on cloning in place. In the United States, there are bills pending in both houses of Congress to ban cloning, and a new National Bio-ethics Advisory Commission is currently examining clonings moral and legal implications. Various states have also proposed legislation banning further testing or research into human cloning (Stolberg). In addition, the World Health Organization, a part of the United Nations, ha s called for a total ban, as has the Vatican (Vatican). President Clinton took independent action pending the passage of legislation to ban any efforts to clone humans with federally funded research, and also asked privately funded scientists to abide by a voluntary moratorium for at least 90 days (Kenen). Individual abuses of cloning, however, also have social ramifications. The issue of experimentation is not dead in human cloning. While one aspect of cloning is the desire to create superior human beings, another expressed desire is to create potential suppliers of spare parts. One of the large questions is whether clones would be treated as fully human or as a means to someone elses end. Some experts suggest that cloning would be justified to replace a dead child or to help save someone dying of an incurable disease through organ or marrow transplant (Sharp and Sharn). For example, parents might decide to clone a child with a fatal disease in order to help save the first child. W hile such cloning for harvest of a one-of-a-kind organ such as a heart is not considered likely to be allowed, the possibility exists. Even if an organ such as a kidney, however, is harvested, to take it from another child created for that purpose is to arguably abuse it. Again, the issue of whether the child is fully human with all the same rights is at issue. Also involved in that case is how the child will be treated. Would it forever be a second class sibling, cared for but not loved as a true child? (Kluger and Thompson). Indeed, the issue of the division of humanity into the natural and the unnatural is a great concern. It is entirely possible that there would be the creation of a new and stigmatized social class of The Clones (Herbert, Sheler, and Watson). Another danger is the sort of homemade eugenics where families decide the traits and capacities they want in their children. Genetic analysis of embryos may give parents the opportunity to select the best of their fertilize d embryos, whatever their definition of best, and destroying the rest (Kevles). Such designer children would potentially skew the entire development of humanity. Also, there are a number of groups already looking upon cloning as a way to further their own agendas. Under the flag of defending reproductive rights, certain gay rights advocates are pushing the idea of cloning as a means of preserving homosexuality in a general population which might otherwise decide to eliminate it. Also, cloning has been recognized as giving women complete control over reproduction, possibly eliminating the need for men all together (Manning). Essentially clones are twins to their DNA donors. As such, the possibility is raised that adults who clone themselves set themselves up to be fathers or mothers to their twins. This raises a host of questions. There is, after all, the possibility that much of the cloning to be done will be for purposes of ego. Generally, it is expected that either adults will att empt to clone themselves so that they may have immortality in a sense. This is also possible with the idea that someone of great intelligence or ability should be preserved for a second round. For example, the common metaphor is should we not create as many Einsteins as possible. But there is little agreement as to how much of the success of great thinkers is attributable to genetics and how much to environment, the era when they live, and factors included in their individual raising. Even if genetics were a major factor, ethicists say that diversity is the main factor in our population that leads to the rise of great men in any field (Kluger and Thompson). One of the dangers of cloning is that it exactly threatens this diversity. Nevertheless, clones would not be exact copies of their donors. Indeed, even if society desired a hundred Einsteins, there is no guarantee that the clones would find the same path to physics or even become more than ordinary citizens (Herbert, Sheler, and Watson). Another ethical concern is the unknown ramifications for the clones themselves. It is known that over a lifetime, DNA can degrade within a person, causing changes in the sequence as continued replication takes a toll. Where cloning takes place with adult DNA, it is not yet known whether this would affect the life span of the child created (Herbert, Sheler, and Watson). Also at issue is the possibility that clones would be more subject to disease, and indeed that humanity itself might have greater susceptibility if cloning were to become widespread. Science has long known that when living things share the exact same genetic structure, they become much more vulnerable to viral diseases. Sexual reproduction with its combining of the genes of both parents helps keep the immune system vital and holds communicable diseases at bay. With the increase in killer viruses, this is of major concern (Kenen). If cloning takes place before sufficient animal studies are undertaken, then the re is a risk to the clone that is another reason for not allowing the procedure until more is known. Another disturbing possibility with cloning is the control of the source of the DNA. Since everyone gives off cells all the time naturally, as in lost hairs or skin cells, it is conceivable that a person could be cloned without their knowledge or consent. Each cell given off contains a full complement of DNA. Even such things as blood samples or a trip to the dentist could be the source for such activity. While such action would be essentially criminal, there is no way to stop it from a scientific standpoint. Such drive-by cloning could allow people to fulfill a number of fantasies for the unscrupulous. The commercial value of an athletic pedigree or a well known singing voice, or the ability to have children of otherwise impossible parents would make such cloning attractive to certain segments of society who prey on others for money (Herbert, Sheler, and Watson). Similarly, it is th eoretically possible to clone the dead. While there are more problems with this technologically, if the cells were taken soon after death, the DNA might be harvested and frozen for later use. The social and ramifications of this are not pleasant, and the effects on any child so produced might well be psychologically scarring (Herbert, Sheler, and Watson). Thus, human cloning has a number of ethical pitfalls. It has been shown through human history that there are many people, individually, in groups, or as governments, who wish to control the future of humanity through its biology. The theories of eugenics have made given structure to these desires, and the greatest danger in them is the idea that humanity should be shaped to some specific ideological or biological model based on preconceived ideas of what the future holds. In reality, no one knows what environmental or social situations humanity will face in the future. Diversity has been the best protector of mankind, making it pos sible for the population to have all the elements available at any time for what situations must be met. Cloning threatens that diversity, and also threatens our ideas of what it is to be human. Thus, before cloning is allowed, it is absolutely necessary to consider the harm that can be done and move to curb abuses. Works Cited Allen, Garland E. Science Misapplied: The Eugenics Age Revisited. Current. 1 Dec. 1996. Online. Electric Library. Glass, H. Bentley. Eugenics. Colliers Encyclopedia CD-ROM. 28 Feb. 1996. Herbert, Wray, Sheler, Jeffery L., and Watson, Traci. The World After Cloning. U.S. News ; World Report. 10 Mar. 1997. Online. Electric Library. Kenen, Joanne. Clintons Bioethics Panel Takes Up Cloning Debate. Reuters News Service, 13 Mar. 1997. Online. Electric Library. Kevles, Daniel. Controlling the Genetic Arsenal. Wilson Quarterly. 1 Apr 1992. Online. Electric Library. Kluger, Jeffrey, and Thompson, Dick. Will We Follow the Sheep? Time. 10 Mar. 1997. Online. Electric Lib rary. Lifton, Robert Jay, and Hackett, Amy. Nazi Doctors. Anatomy of the Auschwitz Death Camp. Ed. Gutman, Yisrael, and Michael Berenbaum, eds. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1994. 301-315. Manning, Anita. Pressing a Right to Clone Humans Some Gays Foresee Reproduction Option. USA TODAY, 6 Mar. 1997. Online. Electric Library. Nazi Eugenic Racial Hygiene Also Recognized in America. All Things Considered. Robert Siegel, host. Stefan Kuhl, guest. National Public Radio. 9 Mar. 1994. Sharp, Deborah, and Sharn, Lori. Big Questions for Humanity. USA TODAY, 25 Feb. 1997. Stolberg, Sheryl. Reproductive Research Far Outpaces Public Policy. Los Angeles Times, 29 Apr. 1997. Online. Electric Library. Thomasson, Emma. Germans Press for Ban on Human Cloning. Reuters News Service. 29 Apr. 1997. Online. America Online. Vatican Calls for Global Ban on Human Cloning. Reuters News Service, 26 Feb. 1997. Online. Electric Library.Words/ Pages : 2,591 / 24 Sir Gawain And The Green Knight: Stanza 74 Essay

The dust bowl Essay Example For Students

The dust bowl Essay Dust Bowl, common name applied to a large area in the southern part of the Great Plains region of the United States, that got much dust storms in the1930s. The area included parts of Kansas, Oklahoma, Texas, New Mexico, and Colorado. In its original state, the region was covered with hardy grasses that held the fine-grained soil in place in spite of the long recurrent droughts and occasional torrential rains characteristic of the area. A large number of homesteaders settled in the region in the 30 years before World War I, planting wheat and row crops and raising cattle. Both of these land uses left the soil exposed to the danger of erosion by the winds that constantly sweep over the gently rolling land. We will write a custom essay on The dust bowl specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Beginning in the early 1930s, the region suffered a period of severe droughts, and the soil began to blow away. The organic matter, clay, and silt in the soil were carried great distances by the winds, in some cases darkening the sky as far as the Atlantic coast, and sand and heavier materials drifted against houses, fences, and barns. In many places 8 to 10 cm (3 to 4 in) of topsoil were blown away. Many thousands of families, their farms ruined, migrated westward; about a third of the remaining families had to accept government relief. Beginning in 1935 intensive efforts were made by both federal and state governments to develop adequate programs for soil conservation and for rehabilitation of The dust bowl Essay. The measures taken have included seeding large areas in grass; 3-year rotation of wheat and sorghum and of lying fallow; the introduction of contour plowing, terracing, and strip planting; and, in areas of greater rainfall, the planting of long shelter belts of trees to break the force of the wind. . The Dust Bowl Essay Example For Students The Dust Bowl Essay The Dust Bowl Essay was the darkest moment in the twentieth-century life of the southern plains, (pg. 4) as described by Donald Worster in his book The Dust Bowl. It was a time of drought, famine, and poverty that existed in the 1930s. Its cause, as Worster presents in a very thorough manner, was a chain of events that was perpetuated by the basic capitalistic societys need for expansion and consumption. Considered by some as one of the worst ecological catastrophes in the history of man, Worster argues that the Dust Bowl was created not by natures work, but by an American culture that was working exactly the way it was planned. We will write a custom essay on The Dust Bowl specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now In essence, the Dust Bowl was the effect of a society, which deliberately set out to take all it could from the earth while giving next to nothing back. The Dust Bowl existed, in its full quintessence, concurrently with the Great Depression during the 1930s. Worster sets out in an attempt to show that these two cataclysms existed simultaneously not by coincidence, but by the same culture, which brought them about from similar events. Both events revealed fundamental weaknesses in the traditional culture of America, the one in ecological terms, the other in economic. (pg. 5) Worster proposes that in American society, as in all others, there are certain accepted ways of using the land. He sums up the capital ethos of ecology into three simply stated maxims: nature must be seen as capital, man has a right/obligation to use this capital for constant self-advancement, and the social order should permit and encourage this continual increase of personal wealth (pg. 6) It is through these basic beliefs that Worster claims the plainsmen ignored all environmental limits, much like the brokers and investors on Wall Street ignored a top-heavy economy. Worster explains that our business-oriented society began to transform farming into a mass-producing industrial machine, becoming another excess of free enterprise that not even Roosevelts New Deal could remedy. The dirty thirties, as many called it, was a time when the earth ran amok in southern plains for the better part of a decade. This great American tragedy, which was more devastating environmentally as well as economically than anything in Americas past or present, painstakingly tested the spirit of the southern plainsmen. The proud folks of the south refused at first to accept government help, optimistically believing that better days were ahead. Some moved out of the plains, running from not only drought but from the new machine-controlled agriculture. As John Steinbeck wrote in the bestseller The Grapes of Wrath, it was not nature that broke the people-they could handle the drought. It was business farming, seeking a better return on land investments and buying tractors to pursue it, that had broken these people, smashing their identity as natural beings wedded to the land.(pg. 58) The machines, one-crop specialization, non-resident farming, and soil abuse were tangible threats to the American agriculture, but it was the capitalistic economic values behind these land exploitations that drove the plainsmen from their land and created the Dust Bowl. Eventually, after years of drought and dust storms, the plains people had to accept some form of aid or fall to the lowest ranks of poverty in the land, and possibly perish. The government set up agency after agency to try and give federal aid to the plains farmers. Groups such as the Farm Credit Administration, the Works Progress Administration, the Land Utilization Project, and the Agricultural Adjustment program, among others, were formed to give the plainsmen some sort of relief from the hardships of the Dust Bowl. In Cimarron county, Oklahoma 306 households were drawing government relief in June 1934: 60 of them were paid entirely in commodities, the rest mostly in cash (pg. 131). Roosevelt and the government continually contrived ways to give the plains aid, and when the Supreme Court ruled that a certain agency was unconstitutional, Roosevelt simply created another one in its place. In the end, Worster argues, the government agencies did not improve the lot of the large number of poor, marginal farmers, and in fact, none of the federal activities altered much of the factory-like culture of the plains. .u7bfc25d4e7bd9172f07919622b975327 , .u7bfc25d4e7bd9172f07919622b975327 .postImageUrl , .u7bfc25d4e7bd9172f07919622b975327 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u7bfc25d4e7bd9172f07919622b975327 , .u7bfc25d4e7bd9172f07919622b975327:hover , .u7bfc25d4e7bd9172f07919622b975327:visited , .u7bfc25d4e7bd9172f07919622b975327:active { border:0!important; } .u7bfc25d4e7bd9172f07919622b975327 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u7bfc25d4e7bd9172f07919622b975327 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u7bfc25d4e7bd9172f07919622b975327:active , .u7bfc25d4e7bd9172f07919622b975327:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u7bfc25d4e7bd9172f07919622b975327 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u7bfc25d4e7bd9172f07919622b975327 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u7bfc25d4e7bd9172f07919622b975327 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u7bfc25d4e7bd9172f07919622b975327 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u7bfc25d4e7bd9172f07919622b975327:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u7bfc25d4e7bd9172f07919622b975327 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u7bfc25d4e7bd9172f07919622b975327 .u7bfc25d4e7bd9172f07919622b975327-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u7bfc25d4e7bd9172f07919622b975327:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Peer Pressure Essay .